Iowa Lawyer: Bankruptcy Blog by Attorney Liptak

Iowa Bankruptcy Lawyer: Don't Be A Victim of the System

I am an Iowa bankruptcy attorney.  Bankruptcy law is the only type of law I practice.  I become a lawyer in 1979 and practiced in other legal fields in Pennsylvania and then New York.  Of course, there are many valuable areas of law that can help people and businesses, but over time it became abundantly clear that bankruptcy is quite exceptional.  So throughout my home state of Iowa it’s all that I do.

Through my extensive experience I have concluded that in order for clients to be really satisfied with bankruptcy they need personal care and attention and it should be by a lawyer—not a paralegal or debt settlement agent.

I also found that it is valuable to gain a deeper understanding WHY you need to file bankruptcy.  Once you understand, your experience changes.  If you can appreciate that you were actually set up—a victim of the profit motive forces driving the financial system—the stress can be greatly reduced, if not eliminated altogether.

Liptak Law Offices provides both of these opportunities: personal attention by an experienced, compassionate lawyer AND some valuable education.  I also have a very informative radio show which can be heard through my website under the Life and Debt resource archive.

By way of introduction, I want to share with you some of my ideas about bankruptcy which you probably have not heard before.  A few accurate statistics and facts will lead you to a different conclusion about filing bankruptcy, your situation and even your feelings about yourself.

First, it really is important never to blame yourself, as if you alone are at fault for the economic woes you—and the entire country-- are suffering.  Simply not true.  Just look around you, particularly at the country as a whole, and you will get very strong evidence that something basic is not right.

In fact, every year about 1.5 million people and families across the United States file bankruptcy.  That does not include commercial bankruptcies.  According to Professor Elizabeth Warren from Harvard (who has done extensive research in this area) about 7 times that number (more than 10.5 million consumers over the age of 18) qualify for and desperately need relief each year from the massive weight of debt that holds them and their loved ones down.  And this does not include the approximately 45,000 million Americans who are in poverty and are below even the need to file bankruptcy.

Most who should, do NOT file though.  Why?  Because of what they heard and fear.  There is a sort of “blaming the victim” strategy that has been cultivated in our country for a long time.  We trust what we hear from supposedly reliable sources providing "guidance".   You are innocently and naively drawn into a game which is rigged against you from the beginning.   When you lose you were taught to feel it is your fault.

If you could step off the playing field for just a moment and look at the whole game you would be amazed at how you were set up to be controlled and to fail!

I highly recommend the book Web of Debt by Attorney Ellen Brown to give you a thorough understanding of the system and process.  It can change your thinking, feelings and financial life.

Most of what you have learned comes from a structure set up by the money powers.  These are primarily the banking and credit industry which was spawned by the wealthy power mongers through the media that it owns. So the facts are skewed, spun, interpreted and manipulated to the industry’s point of view.  This gives them a huge advantage.

It creates a lot of myth which tends to be held as the truth.  It is mostly what one would call propaganda.  Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at deliberately and systematically influencing the attitudes, perceptions and behavior of a community towards some cause, response or position that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist.

In this case the benefit goes to the major banks and credit industry—which ultimately represent the wealthy class.  The media creates confusion, diversion, stress and failure in order to benefit the banking and credit powers. (That, by the way, also have a revolving door with the government jobs).

My reason for specializing in bankruptcy is that it is a very powerful tool, a highly dignified body of law, that substantially helps people and businesses that have found themselves caught in a terrible bind--in the web of debt created by the system!  In fact, as we will discover, we are all in that web but some come to the point when they can no longer move away from the ravenous spider that is descending upon them.

For a starter, bankruptcy is defined as: 1) being unable to pay your debts as they come due; or 2) being insolvent.  Insolvent means having liabilities greater than the reasonable market value of all your assets.

Bankruptcy law confronts these conditions directly.  It is there to balance out the overwhelming power and negative effect of the banking and credit system.  It is a simple process that efficiently, successfully and inexpensively helps those who are facing financial struggles—which usually arise from circumstances beyond their control.

The biggest statistical triggers for bankruptcy are lost income, sickness, accident, injury, divorce and separation, for the individual; and a downturn in related markets or just having well intended ideas that do not bear fruit, for businesses.   Each of these conditions causes a stoppage of the creative energy of the people involved and also of their financial dependents.  It becomes a domino effect.  Not only does the checkbook suffer but the quality of life deteriorates due to the over-emphasis and dependence on money in our world.

In the words of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., “property is intended to serve life, and no matter how much we surround it with rights and respect, it has no personal being.  It is part of the earth man walks on.  It is not man.”  In other words, property is not as important as people!  But we live at a time when the financial powers through their actions strongly disagree—property is much more important than human values—it is the source, course and goal of the economy we are captured by.  Something even deeper is going on—beyond the turbulent surface waves you believe caused the loss.

The fact is that money actually operates below the surface—it no longer even represents property as a means of exchange, it represents debt which directs the power to manipulate and control the material world itself—to control you, your family, your business, and even your community, city, state and nation.

In the words of Ellen Brown: “Our money system is not what we have been led to believe.  The creation of money [itself] has been “privatized” or taken over by a private money cartel.  Except for coins, all of our money is now created as loans advanced by private banking institutions, including the “private” Federal reserve—which is neither federal nor has back up reserves.  Banks create the principal but not the interest to service their loans.  To find the interest, new loans must continually be taken out, expanding the money supply, inflating prices, and robbing you of the value of your money."

It is a deception devised to trap you within the web and to strip you of your money—which should represent your hard work and creative productivity in industry and agriculture, rather than debt.  On the other hand, it pushes all the money power to the top of the pyramid—where the wealthy reside.

Everything in our lives is influenced either directly or indirectly by an underlying financial system developed over time through the profit-only mentality.  Banks and corporations are legally driven by profit. The banking and corporate parents of the financial system have one primary LEGAL mandate—to make money and to make it NOW—regardless of the long term effects on people and businesses like yours—either here or abroad.  It is like abusive, dysfunctional parents looking after themselves and a select group of their spoiled kids. The rest of the kids--the majority of family--suffer as a result.

Scholar Hans Schicht says in the ”The Death of Banking”:

"Through a network of anonymous financial spider webbing only a handful of global King Bankers own and control it all… Everybody, people, enterprise, states and foreign countries, all have become slaves chained to the Banker’s credit ropes."

As a result, today many cities and states are bankrupt and are selling off public assets to satisfy creditors.  The American banking system, which at one time extended productive loans to agriculture and industry (which really should be the purpose of banks), has today become a giant betting machine.

For example, by December 2007, an estimated 681 trillion dollars were riding on complex high–risk bets known as derivatives.  This amount is 10 times the annual output of the entire world economy.  These bets are funded by big US Banks and are made largely with borrowed money created on a computer screen.  Derivatives can be and have been used to manipulate markets, loot businesses, and destroy competitor economies. (Ellen Brown)

This all may be hard to believe, or even comprehend, but it is the real game.   We are puppets in a hidden global banking scheme operating behind the curtain and pulling the strings.  Of course, it impacts on your personal financial life everyday.  The bottom line is that even though you are a typical, hardworking, hopeful and good intentioned consumer or business, you have been set up to be a victim, to struggle and eventually to fail.  It is just a matter of time.  It is like a carefully orchestrated game of musical chairs in which not only is there financial music playing over which you have no control, but you are squeezed into a quite dark room with everyone one else in the economy and with a limited number of chairs to run for when the music stops. Also there is an inside track to the chairs.  The wealthy--the insiders--are informed well in advance when the music will stop and how, through law, regulation and misdirection—a sleight of hand by the choreographers setting the stage-- to get near and onto a chair when the music dies.

The quality of Amercian life is unfortunately eroding—regardless of what you hear or read in the mainstream news.  An honest reflection on what you actually see and hear from people in the trenches is more real.  All of us living within this web of debt are being attacked by the spider.  Some of us eventually are stung and become the bankrupt victim!  The profiteering process scrapes money from you without you really knowing or understanding that it is happening until the poisonous spider descends on you trapped in the debtweb.  The bottom line is the financial stability of all of us is suffering without doing anything wrong, immoral, unethical, or bad.

In response you need to do something to protect and save yourself from the attacking spider. You need to take some control of the situation and stop being a defeated victim of the system of banks, creditors and collectors which are trying to humiliate, blame and devour you.  You need to take charge and enhance your total quality of life.

Part of the thinking shift you need to make is that quality of life is the goal—not how much money you immediately have access to or what your credit score is.  You need to reduce your stress and get healthy again on all fronts.

Bankruptcy is one revitalizing step.  It creates a win-win situation—a protective armour-- for those caught in the web who currently lack the ability to move away from the spider.

Through bankruptcy you legally walk away from most obligations to pay debts and get a fresh start to rebuild your financial life.  It allows a protective barrier from the spider in the web as you regain your opportunity to be mobile.  Moreover, as financial issues are so intricately woven into our lives, all other aspects are potentially benefited—such as less stressed relationships, improved health and an opportunity to create a better future on all fronts.

Having a bankruptcy lawyer that understands the debt web and is personally working with you can help you stave off the spider.  Also a lawyer who is personally concerned about you, your family and business, who spends time to help you understand your case and who is there with you throughout the entire process is ideal.  You wind up with a fresh start for your financial life but also with a deeper understanding of the issues and a reduction in stress on your journey into building a better future for yourself.

So contact me immediately and whether you are already on the slippery slope or approaching it like most middle class people, we can work together to protect you with the law—like David against Goliath.  I look forward to talking with you soon.   All the best.

Iowa Bankruptcy Attorney Robert J. Liptak
Fairfield, Iowa



Iowa Bankruptcy Lawyer: Post Discharge Credit Concerns

In a typical Iowa Chapter 7 bankruptcy case a discharge, final decree and case closure are generally provided around 61-70 days from the meeting of creditors.  You receive a document which certifies that you have been discharged from liability for payment of any and all debts which were made dischargeable by the Bankruptcy Code. (Some are not, like child support and most student law debt).  In other words, your bankruptcy is usually completed.  Congratulations!

This does not mean, however, that you can ignore any creditor’s attempt to collect these debts.  Sometimes they still try.  If any of your creditors try to collect a debt which you listed on your bankruptcy petition, you should contact me (or another attorney) so that you may assert your rights under the Bankruptcy Code and receive the full protection of your discharge--called a permanent injunction against collection.

The discharge also protects you from many types of discrimination based in you filing a bankruptcy or the debts you eliminated in the bankruptcy.  Generally, no government agency or employer can treat you differently than other people just because you filed a bankruptcy case or because of the debts you did not pay before the bankruptcy.

It is also important for you to be aware of your rights when applying for credit in the future.  There are laws which protect your rights.  If any of these laws are violated, you may be entitled to sue the creditor for damages, as well as make him pay your attorney fees.

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act forbids discrimination in the granting of credit, when such discrimination is based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or the fact that any of your income derives from a public assistance program such as welfare, Social Security, or unemployment compensation.

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act states that a creditor may not, either orally or in writing, discourage a person from making or pursuing an application for credit on any of the forbidden grounds.  Generally, a creditor may not ask information about a spouse or request the signature of your spouse or a cosigner except in limited circumstances. 

Once you apply for credit, whether orally or in writing, the creditor must give you a written notice within thirty (30) days stating specific reasons why credit is being denied, and setting forth your rights under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act.  Do not allow yourself to be discouraged from submitting an application; insist on a written statement of reasons for denial.

If a creditor does a credit check on you, it must disclose whether a denial of credit is based on information from a credit reporting agency, together with the name and address of that agency.  The credit reporting agency must then disclose to you the nature and substance of all information in its files.

The credit reporting agency may report your bankruptcy filing for ten (10) years; as to other debts, information may be reported for seven (7) years, except that any debts which have been discharged in bankruptcy should no longer be reported as having a balance owed and instead should be reported with a zero balance.  You should check your credit report to make sure that the debts discharged in your bankruptcy are being reported correctly.  You may get one free copy of your credit report per year from each of the national reporting agencies.  The three nationwide consumer reporting agencies have set up one central website, toll-free telephone number, and mailing address through which free annual reports can be ordered.  You can click on www.annualcreditreport.com, call (877) 322-8228, or complete the Annual Credit Report Request Form and mail it to:  Annual Credit Report Request Service, P.O. Box 105281, Atlanta, Georgia 30348-5281.  The Form can be printed at www.ftc.gov/credit.

If you dispute the accuracy of any information which the credit reporting agency has in its file, you can ask the credit agency to reinvestigate.  This request should be made in writing using the agency’s dispute form or your own simple letter.  You should keep a copy of whatever you send.  The agency must reinvestigate by at least asking the source of the information to respond to your dispute.  If the source can not or does not verify the disputed information, it should be removed from your credit report.  If the reinvestigation does not resolve the dispute, you should contact our office.  You may also submit a short statement in writing telling your side of the story.  In all future reports, the credit agency must note your dispute.  The credit agency will send out a corrected record to anyone who inquired about your credit within six (6) months before the correction.

If you think you are going to have problems in applying for credit, you should take a witness with you to make sure that your rights, as outlined above, are being observed.  The creditor has no right to insist that your witness cosign for you, and you should be sure that this does not happen.

For more information on credit report issues click here.  

If a creditor on a secured claim refuses to report that you are paying regularly you should request an annual statement of payments from the creditor and send this to the credit reporting agencies to help build your credit again.

Also, you should think carefully about your budget.  For an excellent basic budget plan visit other Blog entries to read about the issues to help you stay out of debt problems and build a financial safety net.  You can also listen to my Life and Debt Radio Shows  For an in-depth version of the points raised in the Blog and on Life and Debt, I highly recommend the book  All Your Worth by Harvard Professor Elizabeth Warren and her daughter Amelia Warren Tyagi, two of America's leading champions for debtors.  This book gives a simple understanding of how to deal with your budget in the future in order to prevent debt problems, to maximize your income use and create financial security.  It is available at public libraries but can also be purchased in paperback from bookstores at a very reasonable cost.

Iowa Bankruptcy Attorney Robert J. Liptak
Fairfield, Iowa

Iowa Bankruptcy Lawyer: Iowa Fair Debt Collection Law

When you can't pay a bill which is due the process of aggressive debt collection quickly begins.   In Iowa there is an excellent law to protect you--the Iowa Debt Collection Practices Act (Iowa Code Sections 537.7101 to 537.7103).  The Federal Fair Debt Collection Practice law is very similar to the Iowa law but it applies only to third party debt collectors--not to a creditor collecting its own debt. Iowa law, however, defines everyone engaging in debt collection, directly or indirectly, as a debt collector which makes it cover anyone trying to get money from you. 

Know Your Iowa Rights

PROHIBITED PRACTICES 


The debt collector(s) cannot:

  • Threaten or use violence
  • Falsely accuse you of a fraud or any other crime
  • Report or threaten to report false accusations to any person, including a credit reporting agency
  • Threaten to sell your debt to someone else who will engage in abusive collection practices
  • Falsely threaten that nonpayment will result in arrest or that your wages will be garnished or your property will be seized
  • Take or threaten to any action prohibited by law
  • Use profanity or obscene language
  • Trick you into paying for collect calls or telegrams
  • Repeatedly or continuously call to the point of harassment, or call at unusual hours
  • Communicate by postcard or include anything on an envelope that relates to debt collection
  • Contact a third party except to locate you
  • Contact your employer or credit union more than once every three months for the purpose of obtaining debt counseling services for you
  • Contact your employer more than once a month for the purpose of verifying employment
  • Contact the parents of a minor debtor, a trustee, a conservator, or a guardian more than once every three months
  • Publish or post your name
  • Misrepresent the amount of money owed
  • Tack on collection fees and charges
  • Pretend he's an attorney if he's not
  • Send you legal-looking documents when they're not court documents
  • Try to trick one spouse into signing a document making him or her liable for the other spouse's debt
  • Try and get you to sign a document saying that you owe a debt that's been discharged in bankruptcy
  • Contact you directly if you have an attorney

Also, the debt collector must disclose the name of the debt collection agency and state that he is collecting a debt in a phone call.

Iowa law allows individual consumers to sue debt collection agencies. A successful lawsuit filed in the state can result in an award of actual damages and statutory damages. This is in addition to being able to sue a debt collection agency for violation of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. The FDCPA makes certain debt collector tactics illegal, and gives you the right to sue a debt collection agency in federal court. If the debt collection agency has broken the law, you can receive actual expenses, attorney fees, and up to $1,000.

It is very useful to retain an attorney to represent you in Iowa because the harassment and collection calls made directly to you must then stop.  The debt collectors must always communicate with the attorney once they have been given this information.  After that they can only file lawsuits against you to try to collect the debt.  Also, if you file a bankruptcy, not only must the communications by the debtor collectors stop, but civil lawsuits for money collection generally come to an end unless permitted by the bankruptcy court (which is unusual).

Iowa Bankruptcy Attorney Robert J. Liptak
Fairfield, Iowa

Iowa Bankruptcy Attorney: Student Loan Debt

A tremendous concern for bankruptcy lawyers nowadays is the incredible difficulty in discharging student loan debt.  (See Elizabeth Warren's comments). It used to be (just before the turn of the century) student loans which were in default for over 7 years could be discharged.  With high pressure and effective lobbying from the credit industry this discharge was repealed. Then, with years of more intense lobbying, by 2005 the definition of what a student loan was had greatly expanded to include all types of "educational" loans--basically anything that provides some training.

Since then we have seen an amazing growth in the privatizing of student loans with high initial and adjustable interest rates.  In order to discharge a student loan in bankruptcy there is a "hardship" requirement which basically allows a discharge only if it is nearly impossible to pay any of it back.  That actually requires an adversarial procedure aside from the bankruptcy, which can mean additional costs to the debtor. 

According to a New York Times article in April, 2011, student loan debt in 2010 outpaced credit card debt for the first time and is likely to pass $1,000,000,000,000 (that's correct, trillion). The rising costs of college and loan rates means that many people will be paying for their loans for longer and longer periods of time.  Imagine people will still be paying their loans when it is time for their kids to go to college. Of course, that presumes that student loan debt does stop people from getting married because they can't afford it (which is happening).  When a person is leaving school with a lot of debt, their choices are different than in the past.  Buying a home, getting married, starting a family, starting a business or even taking a satisfying job in a place that makes one happy are not options because of paying off a lot of student debt.

Hefty student loans carry lots of risks in the current economy.  Moreover, the government is slashing grants for low income students while university costs are increasing.  As the loan amount goes up and the doomed economy continues to hurt the middle and lower classes, there is an ever exploding default rate on student loans.  In addition, as unemployment rates are increasing and as is evident--when the economy gets tight the money still continues to flow upward in the corporate world--those at the bottom of the pyramid lose financially.  It's not an easy task to switch jobs or make up for the defaults that occur during the unemployment period.

Students who borrow to attend for-profit colleges are especially likely to default. They make up about 12 percent of those enrolled in higher education yet almost half of those defaulting on student loans.  According to the Department of Education about a quarter of students at for-profit institutions defaulted on their student loans within three years of starting to repay them.

Those attending for-profit colleges often do not complete their program and most never get a job in the field for which they were supposedly trained.  It all results in a negative mark on their credit report, which becomes the biggest barrier to moving ahead in their lives.  It delays their ability to buy a house.  It hurts their employment prospects, their finding an apartment, and almost anything they try to do.

Another thing that happens very frequently is parents, a relative or third party co-signed the loan.  There are all kinds of rules which allow or even require this (which is not the point here).  The point is if possible DO NOT co-sign on loans.  They will never go away for you until the loan is paid in full. Default on the loan by the person getting the education means you are responsible.  The lender can go after your wages and tax refunds in many cases.  It may even be able to go after your social security payments--which you never envisioned--if the loan is connected with the government.

Be very cautious in taking student loan and particularly in co-signing for them. This is a web of debt that is strangling the young and now even the elders of our working class.

Iowa Bankruptcy Attorney Robert J. Liptak
Fairfield, Iowa

Iowa Banktruptcy Attorney: Debt Settlement Company Scam

When your debt is starting to mount and you feel that you need to confront the creditors, (or they are hounding you like wild wolves) you may be thinking about debt settlement companies to assist you.  There is a lot of advertising out there and it is very alluring.  While these plans may sometimes work, my general experience as a bankruptcy attorney--and that of the vast majority of the 4,500 members of the National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys--NCABA) is the plans do not work very well at all.  By the numbers, they are also a scam.  Here are some reasons why:

  • These companies generally negotiate the interest rate at the beginning which looks good.  They collect your monthly payments, put them in escrow, subtract their fees, which are relatively big, and when you reach a certain amount they approach a company on your list and offer a settlement amount.  Pending the settlement there accrues additional interest, late fees and over-limit fees that can eat up much of the "savings" which were the goal of these negotiations. (See example below.) Th interest rate sometimes reverts back or is even increased because it is taking so long to settle
  • Many large credit companies and debt collectors refuse to negotiate at all with debt settlement companies.
  • The settlement company does not do anything that you couldn't do for yourself.  If you wait long enough, the debt buyers will offer you the same terms--sometimes better.
  • The overwhelming majority of folks never stick with the payments for long enough, which means that the rather large fees of the settlement agent are earned for doing nothing. You wind up worse off then where you started.
  •  Creditors trash the client's credit rating and often sue; none of this is stopped during the payment period.
  • Your damaged credit rating is not healed from any of this--even after you settle.
  •  Debt settlement will hurt your credit longer than bankruptcy, since the debts continue to be reported as bad debts for longer period of time.
  • For all amounts settled, a 1099-C is issued to you and the IRS for the forgiven debt. Taxes must be paid on this amount--which comes usually as a shock in the next tax year.
  • Debt settlement companies do not underscore the 1099 issue at all and many do not even tell you of the debt forgiveness taxes you will be responsible to pay.

Let's give an example by doing the math:

You have credit card account with a balance of $10,000.  The debt settlement company settles it for $5,000 after 18 months.  Here's why this is a bad deal for you:

  • The credit card balance is significantly higher when you finally settled. During the 18 months necessary to build up the lump sum settlement, there would be $720 in late fees (18 @ $40), $720 in over-limit fees (18 @ $40), and interest of $4,500 (30% APR on $10,000 for 18 months [not including compounding]).  So at the end of 18 months, instead of a $10,000 credit card balance, the balance is $15,940.00.  In addition, collection costs are added, typically 15%, further increasing the balance to $17,440.
  • Now, the difference between the balance when settled--$17,440 and the $5,000 paid is $12,440 forgiven debt.  As a result you owe an additional $4,665 in taxes on the settlement (assuming you are single at 25% federal and 12.5% state tax rate). 
  • If your settlement plan is successful, you would emerge from your program solvent, and would thereby be ineligible for Form 982 relief.  (This is federal tax form to try to prove to the IRS that you were insolvent at the time of the debt forgiveness and should not owe taxes on the amount). By paying you set yourself up to be ineligible.
  • You also paid $1,866 in fees @ 15% to the debt settlement company (which is low) based on a balance of $17,440 and a settlement of $5,000.

So, when adding in the actual cost of the settlement ($5,000), as a result of using the debt settlement service, you settled a $10,000 claim by paying $11,531, and have to put up with 18 months of nasty calls and letters, and possibly lawsuits, judgments and garnishments.

If this is not a scam, then why are attorney generals all over the US investigating these companies, trying to stop these results?

Oh, by the way, then there is "Zombie debt" in which the creditor who settled with the debt settlement company, sells your account to a debt collector for pennies on the dollar.  This may not be proper due to the 1099-C issue but it is still happening.  The new owner of the debt argues that the debt is  actually still owed pursuant to the contract with the creditor.  The debt collector renames it, gives it new account numbers,  posts it to your credit report after some while and then starts trying to collect on it. 

When you finally figure out that it was the settled debt of 3 or 5 years ago, and bring it up with the debt collector, they laugh at you, and claim you still owe on the original debt contract and must pay up.... Phase two of harassment has begun and intensifies.  You will need to hire a lawyer.  More fees.  The collector's argument is that no new consideration was offered to create a new contract and no intervening court dispute is of record, so you are back to the beginning.  Now depending on how much time has passed, the $12,440 forgiven is much, much higher!  This is a nightmare and frankly litigation time.  It is no fun.

Whereas, if you filed bankruptcy to deal with this debt, it would be liquidated, no 1099-C would effect you as section 108 of the Internal Revenue Code has forgiven the taxes, your credit rating started to heal, it cost much less, and it was less stressful. Even if some zombie debt issue comes up later on your bankruptcy case can be re-opened to deal with a violation of the permanent injunction against collecting a discharged debt!

Creditor law and practice is massive and in the creditors' favor.  The bankruptcy law is the one really powerful and effective way to respond--like the slingshot of David against Goliath.  It works....

Iowa Bankruptcy Attorney Robert J. Liptak
Fairfield, Iowa


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